hapter #32 Identifications
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
Washington couldn’t tell a lie, Harding couldn’t tell a liar. Despite his charisma, Harding possessed a weak mind and didn’t know how to say no. His corrupt “Ohio Gang” of cronies were set right into Washington. He made decent choices with Charles Evans Hughes as Sec of State, Andrew Mellon as sec of Treasury and Herbert Hoover as Secretary of commerce, but choose poorly Albert Fall an anti conservationist as Sec of Interior and Harry Daugherty as Attorney General.
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
Harding in his three years as president introduced 4 new pro business judges to the supreme court but also choose Taft as Chief Justice who was surprisingly liberal. Atkins Vs Childrens Hospital revoked the legislation of Muller V Oreagon and made it so that women no longer had special protection in the workplace. Harding took an industrialist stance on business and wanted industries to regulate them selves, anti trust laws were ignored
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
War Industries Board quickly died out and government control over the economy was reduced to nearly nothing. The Esch Cummings Act gave the railroads back to private companies and the Interstate Commerce Committee guaranteed their profits. Merchant Marine Act of 1920 authorized the Shipping board to decommission the hastily built ships of WWI however the 1915 La Follete Seamen’s Act still made shipping very unprofitable as American Standards for employee treatment were far higher than the World’s Average. Also, the American veterans created the American Legion, seeking compensation for their service, Congress eventually consented and enacted the Adjusted Compensation Act which paid out a total of 3.5 billion to veterans.
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
Note: though Coolidge didn’t acknowledge the league of Nation, he did send Unofficial Observers to Geneva to take note of the meetings.
America hosted the Disarmament Conference in 1921 to 1922, signed the
Five Power Naval Treaty with France, England, Japan and Italy that the top three America, England and Japan will have a 5:5:3 naval ratio, to satisfy Japan, America and England were not allowed to guard their Asian holdings. Small ships however could be infinite
Four Power Treaty, America France, England and France were to uphold current Pacific territory standings
Nine Power Treaty, China had a forced open door standing.
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
The 1922 Fordney MacCumber Tariff Law Hiked the tariff to near forty percent, causing massive hikes in prices, Harding and Coolidge together created 32 new Tariffs, internationally, European countries raised their tariff walls as well hurting the global economy and indirectly making it easier for Hitler’s rise to power.
The Stench of Scandal
Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6. "Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain
The Teapot Dome was among the worse scandals ever to sweep the nation, Harding had literally pulled the wool over the people’s eyes when Fall his secretary of the interior practically sold natural reserves.
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
Perfectly, he was definitely against large movements or even gvoerment’s hand in the economy.
Frustrated Farmers
Know: McNary-Haugen Bill
8. What had changed for the farmer since 1890? What had remained the same?
Efficency whas wat changed for the farmer, new tractors allowed for massive qunatities of over production. When great depression hit, Farm Bloc Formed to protect farmers.
A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924
Know: Robert La Follette
9. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election?
John Davis the Democrat was unpopular, Robert La Follete the progressive was unsupported
Foreign-Policy Flounderings
10. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?
America want getting much money out of the program
Europeans complained how their people died not America
The more americans asked, the less Europeans would be able to pay
Unraveling the Debt Knot
Know: Dawes Plan
11. What were the world-wide repercussions of America’s insistence on debt repayment?
The global economy was entrenched in dept, allies had to pa so they got money from Germany which didn’t have any to begin with, furthermore ally industry was crumbling due to inability to develop economy and high American tariff.
The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928
Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"
12. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith?
Al Smith Was simply not the right candidate, he was a drunk, catholic and Irishman and these factors made him unpopular even in the Solid South.
President Hoover's First Moves
Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff
13. Did Hoover’s attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain.
No, Hoover’s attempts actually resulted in global economy chaos, Farm board failed to increase crop prices and Hawley-Smoot Tariff hiked up prices to such an extent that Europe raised its tariffs as well.
The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties
Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
14. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash?
Massive amounts of industry lost, 40 million lost within 3 months, millions left unemployed and people having less children.
Hooked on the Horn of Plenty
Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles
15. What causes contributed to the Great Depression?
The great depression can be blamed on surplus, American industry and agriculture was doing too well, making for more than could be consumed, yet all the money was being invested in production but not salaries, causing the system to collapse.
Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists
Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian
16. How did President Hoover’s beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?
Though Hoover loved the people, he was overwhelmingly in favor of each man taking on his own problems, so he instead gave money to large corporations so that they would trickledown the money to the common people.
Hoover Battles the Great Depression
Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts
17. Is Hoover’s reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain.
Not that much so, though he allotted 2.25 billion for the purpose of public works, he shut down hard anything he saw as socialistic, like the Muscle Shoals Bill which would have produced electricity by damming the Tennessee River to be sold to industry and people. Furthermore, Hoover supported the RFC, which was to assist the common man by providing support to larger coroporations. However, the Norris-La Guardia-Anti-Injunction act again allowed peaceful protest and prohibited yellow dog contracts.
Routing the Bonus Army in Washington
Know: Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur
18. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why?
It occupied Washington for Veterans’ benefits with 20 thousand strong, Hoover had to send General MacArthur to kick them out, which involved violence.
Japanese Militarists Attack China
Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine
19. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations?
Without a player like the US, and without formally agreed upon powers of intervention, the League could only scold Japan. The US took little or no action as well with the wag of the finger document the Stimson Doctrne.
Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy
20. What was President Hoover’s policy toward Latin America?
The great depression really softened Hoover’s views, he ended the interventionist part of the Monroe Doctrine added in by Roosevelt and withdrew American troops, beginning the good neighbor policy.
The Republican "Old Guard" Returns
Know: Warren Harding, Ohio Gang
1. What flaws did Warren Harding possess?
Washington couldn’t tell a lie, Harding couldn’t tell a liar. Despite his charisma, Harding possessed a weak mind and didn’t know how to say no. His corrupt “Ohio Gang” of cronies were set right into Washington. He made decent choices with Charles Evans Hughes as Sec of State, Andrew Mellon as sec of Treasury and Herbert Hoover as Secretary of commerce, but choose poorly Albert Fall an anti conservationist as Sec of Interior and Harry Daugherty as Attorney General.
GOP Reaction at the Throttle
2. What pro-business policies were taken by the government during the Harding administration.
Harding in his three years as president introduced 4 new pro business judges to the supreme court but also choose Taft as Chief Justice who was surprisingly liberal. Atkins Vs Childrens Hospital revoked the legislation of Muller V Oreagon and made it so that women no longer had special protection in the workplace. Harding took an industrialist stance on business and wanted industries to regulate them selves, anti trust laws were ignored
The Aftermath of War
Know: Railway Labor Board, American Legion, Adjusted Compensation Act
3. What effects did the war have on the post-war economy?
War Industries Board quickly died out and government control over the economy was reduced to nearly nothing. The Esch Cummings Act gave the railroads back to private companies and the Interstate Commerce Committee guaranteed their profits. Merchant Marine Act of 1920 authorized the Shipping board to decommission the hastily built ships of WWI however the 1915 La Follete Seamen’s Act still made shipping very unprofitable as American Standards for employee treatment were far higher than the World’s Average. Also, the American veterans created the American Legion, seeking compensation for their service, Congress eventually consented and enacted the Adjusted Compensation Act which paid out a total of 3.5 billion to veterans.
America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens
Know: Unofficial Observers, Charles Evans Hughes, Five-Power Naval Treaty, Four-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, Kellogg-Briand Pact
4. How did the U.S. take the lead in disarmament in the 20's?
Note: though Coolidge didn’t acknowledge the league of Nation, he did send Unofficial Observers to Geneva to take note of the meetings.
America hosted the Disarmament Conference in 1921 to 1922, signed the
Five Power Naval Treaty with France, England, Japan and Italy that the top three America, England and Japan will have a 5:5:3 naval ratio, to satisfy Japan, America and England were not allowed to guard their Asian holdings. Small ships however could be infinite
Four Power Treaty, America France, England and France were to uphold current Pacific territory standings
Nine Power Treaty, China had a forced open door standing.
Hiking the Tariff Higher
Know: Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
5. What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
The 1922 Fordney MacCumber Tariff Law Hiked the tariff to near forty percent, causing massive hikes in prices, Harding and Coolidge together created 32 new Tariffs, internationally, European countries raised their tariff walls as well hurting the global economy and indirectly making it easier for Hitler’s rise to power.
The Stench of Scandal
Know: Charles R. Forbes, Albert B. Fall, Teapot Dome, Harry M. Daugherty
6. "Such was his [Harding's] weakness that he tolerated people and conditions that subjected the Republic to its worst disgrace since the days of President Grant." Explain
The Teapot Dome was among the worse scandals ever to sweep the nation, Harding had literally pulled the wool over the people’s eyes when Fall his secretary of the interior practically sold natural reserves.
“Silent Cal” Coolidge
Know: Calvin Coolidge
7. Do the nicknames, "Silent Cal" and "Cautious Cal" accurately describe the Coolidge presidency?
Perfectly, he was definitely against large movements or even gvoerment’s hand in the economy.
Frustrated Farmers
Know: McNary-Haugen Bill
8. What had changed for the farmer since 1890? What had remained the same?
Efficency whas wat changed for the farmer, new tractors allowed for massive qunatities of over production. When great depression hit, Farm Bloc Formed to protect farmers.
A Three-Way Race for the White House in 1924
Know: Robert La Follette
9. Why did Calvin Coolidge easily win the 1924 election?
John Davis the Democrat was unpopular, Robert La Follete the progressive was unsupported
Foreign-Policy Flounderings
10. What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?
America want getting much money out of the program
Europeans complained how their people died not America
The more americans asked, the less Europeans would be able to pay
Unraveling the Debt Knot
Know: Dawes Plan
11. What were the world-wide repercussions of America’s insistence on debt repayment?
The global economy was entrenched in dept, allies had to pa so they got money from Germany which didn’t have any to begin with, furthermore ally industry was crumbling due to inability to develop economy and high American tariff.
The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1928
Know: Al Smith, "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin"
12. Why was Herbert Hoover so much more popular with voters than Al Smith?
Al Smith Was simply not the right candidate, he was a drunk, catholic and Irishman and these factors made him unpopular even in the Solid South.
President Hoover's First Moves
Know: Farm Board, Hawley-Smoot Tariff
13. Did Hoover’s attempts to help farmers produce positive results? Explain.
No, Hoover’s attempts actually resulted in global economy chaos, Farm board failed to increase crop prices and Hawley-Smoot Tariff hiked up prices to such an extent that Europe raised its tariffs as well.
The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties
Know: Black Tuesday, "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
14. What were the immediate effects of the stock market crash?
Massive amounts of industry lost, 40 million lost within 3 months, millions left unemployed and people having less children.
Hooked on the Horn of Plenty
Know: Hoover Blankets, Hoovervilles
15. What causes contributed to the Great Depression?
The great depression can be blamed on surplus, American industry and agriculture was doing too well, making for more than could be consumed, yet all the money was being invested in production but not salaries, causing the system to collapse.
Rugged Times for Rugged Individualists
Know: Rugged Individualism, The Great Humanitarian
16. How did President Hoover’s beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?
Though Hoover loved the people, he was overwhelmingly in favor of each man taking on his own problems, so he instead gave money to large corporations so that they would trickledown the money to the common people.
Hoover Battles the Great Depression
Know: Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Pump-Priming, Yellow Dog Contracts
17. Is Hoover’s reputation as ultra-conservative well deserved? Explain.
Not that much so, though he allotted 2.25 billion for the purpose of public works, he shut down hard anything he saw as socialistic, like the Muscle Shoals Bill which would have produced electricity by damming the Tennessee River to be sold to industry and people. Furthermore, Hoover supported the RFC, which was to assist the common man by providing support to larger coroporations. However, the Norris-La Guardia-Anti-Injunction act again allowed peaceful protest and prohibited yellow dog contracts.
Routing the Bonus Army in Washington
Know: Bonus Expeditionary Force, Douglas MacArthur
18. What happened to the Bonus Army? Why?
It occupied Washington for Veterans’ benefits with 20 thousand strong, Hoover had to send General MacArthur to kick them out, which involved violence.
Japanese Militarists Attack China
Know: Manchuria, Stimson Doctrine
19. How did the Japanese attack on Manchuria demonstrate the weakness of the League of Nations?
Without a player like the US, and without formally agreed upon powers of intervention, the League could only scold Japan. The US took little or no action as well with the wag of the finger document the Stimson Doctrne.
Hoover Pioneers the Good Neighbor Policy
20. What was President Hoover’s policy toward Latin America?
The great depression really softened Hoover’s views, he ended the interventionist part of the Monroe Doctrine added in by Roosevelt and withdrew American troops, beginning the good neighbor policy.