34&35
Chapter #34: IDENTIFICATIONS
Nuremburg TrialsCordell Hull
Human rights trials held after WIII against german and Japanese officials.
Winston Churchill
British prime minister in time of world war II, signed the Atlantic Charter with FDR.
Charles Lindbergh
The first man who flew across the atlantic who advised against America crossing into the war
Good Neighbor Policy
Enacted by FDR on South America for which he extracted his armies already there.
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Agreement acti signed by Hull which served the process of increasing global trade by lowering American tariff walls.
Rome-Berlin Axis
The new Axis that the Axis Powers (Germany and Italy) claimed the world would spin around.
Nye Committee
A group which investigated the role of blood buisness merchants which had furnaced the last war.
Neutrality Acts
Acts which gave american president absolute say wand for certain restrictions to be put to place should said president declare war.
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
Agreement between Russia and Germany at the foreset of WWII to not attack each other but rather to share Poland by reclaiming their holds.
"cash and carry"
Policy of America tword the allies that they could buy american equipment but whould have to do so in cash and use their own ships to own.
America First Committee
Group of Isolationists who were against helping Britain and wanted to protect American Shores first.
Lend-Lease Act
Act which made it acceptable for Britain to buy arms by saing that they will reaturn the equipment at war’s end.
Atlantic Charter
Agreement between Churchill and FDR that are remarkably similar to the 14 points of Wilson whichb included self determination for each community/area.
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
International economic chaos occurred and continued, the economy continued to flounder.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
America could no longer look over the Philippines as they were competing with American sugar and were too expensive to hold.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
Depression had humbled americans, who sought to be on good terms with their neighbors, besides, they had no money for war.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4. Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
They were a very good idea, and did for the world what the London Conference could have done but didn’t, These agreements lowered international tariffs and promoted free trade.
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
5. What were the reasons for American isolationism?
America was unwilling sacrifice its people for war and though their seas provided them with sufficient defense.
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
6. How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
They caused certain restrictions to automatically go into place once a president decides upon an issue.
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
7. How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
It was the practice taken for the big battle, Franco’s rise to power allowed the Axis powers to test their arms.
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, and Appeasement
8. What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
Remilitarization, and a whole lot of it occurred, both with Japan and Germany was their military built up while America did nothing.
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
9. How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
America wanted to help but would only provide resources on a cash and carry basis.
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
10. What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
Following the fall of France, America noted the seriousness of the situation and begins to militarize to a massive extent.
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
11. Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
America was also partially anti semetic, and was unwilling to make rooms for more refugees than it had already decided to allow in, after the war starts, nobody could get in in the first place.
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
12. Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
Interventionists said give weapons to Britain, Isolationists said start-protecting America.
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
13. Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
Wilke was easily overwhelmed by FDR due to one quote, don’t switch horses in the middle of the river.
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
14. What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
It’s a direct violation of the neutrality acts by selling arms and makes the excuse that the arms will be returned at war’s end.
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
15. What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
America rejoiced and was planning to supply whichever side that was loosing so that they could go at each other.
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
American lend lease was practically giving GB resources and that’s how it was seen by Hitler who now allowed his U-Boats free range.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
17. Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
Gradual, America shifed in from being a neutral isolationist to being an active interventionist country. Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
leader Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who was trying to eliminate racism In the workplace in america
George S. Patton
The leader of american forces in europe
Albert Einstein
genius physicist of Jewish Origin admitted to United States
Office of Price Administration
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fair Employment Practice Commission
created by FDR to do exactly what A Philip Randolf envisioned.
D-Day
Day of American and British combined invasion of Normandy
V-E Day
May 7 1945 Victory in Europe Day
Manhattan Project
succewsful project to create the atomic bomb
Braceros
Mexican workers brought from mexico to help americans harvest their fruits and vegetables.
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
America had to juggle a war on two fronts, both Germany and Japan, .
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Not so well, Korematsu vs Us legalized the practice of sending Japanese americans to interment camps in case of betrayal.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
The war called for more food and more labor both of which assisted the growth of American economy.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
Japanese immigrants were able to be successful because of their close affiliations with their government which caused them to be thrown into interment camps.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Women could work as factory workers or play roles in the military.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
FEPC monitored to make sure no racism in workplace, CORE congress of racial equality, NAACP membership shot up and Zoot Suit Riots of Mexicans in Los Angeles.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
American participation drastically stimulated American economy but at the same time also American debt.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
Guam, Wake, Phillipines where Bataan held out for a long time before surrender of Douglas MacArtthur.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
If it was lost, then japan could take its time attacking pearl harbor.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
Leap Hopping, the concept of going around strong bases and defeating them with air raids.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
Enigma German coding was broken by British and German Submarines could now be found, Erwin Rommel was stopped before arriving at Suez Canal due to victory of Bernard Montgomery at El Alamein and Russians begin their slow recovery of Russia.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The invasion of North Africa was agreed upon by America and England, after meeting at Casablanca between the big two, general Eisenhower successfully takes it after which the allies begin to go after Italy from the south.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
Germany begins an exponential rate of decline following D day commanded by Eisenhower, Patton served as a general as well helping to secure Normandy.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
In a morbid sense, they knew that FDR was not likely to last that much longer,
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
Dewey’s mudslinging was unsuccessful, Roosevelt was a winner and the nation wanted him, Dewey was too young.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
Hitler makes one last offensive the battle of the bulge, Bastogne was critical and Brigaadier General AC MacAuliffe said nuts to surrender. Eissenhour took Elbe River brought him close to Berlin.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
Bombing and submarines tore apart Japan, Iwo Jima was taken an American Bober Pitstop, Okinawa was the same. Leyete Gulf was a critical attack.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
Japan was Postdam threat two bombs caused japan to surrender while asking that Hiroto the God Emperor of the japanese retain his title.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
Marshall was chief of staff, America did well as it was unprepared but finished the war in perfect condition
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
Could America had avoided the use of the Atomic Bomb against the Japanese, could America have allowed more Jews.
Nuremburg TrialsCordell Hull
Human rights trials held after WIII against german and Japanese officials.
Winston Churchill
British prime minister in time of world war II, signed the Atlantic Charter with FDR.
Charles Lindbergh
The first man who flew across the atlantic who advised against America crossing into the war
Good Neighbor Policy
Enacted by FDR on South America for which he extracted his armies already there.
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Agreement acti signed by Hull which served the process of increasing global trade by lowering American tariff walls.
Rome-Berlin Axis
The new Axis that the Axis Powers (Germany and Italy) claimed the world would spin around.
Nye Committee
A group which investigated the role of blood buisness merchants which had furnaced the last war.
Neutrality Acts
Acts which gave american president absolute say wand for certain restrictions to be put to place should said president declare war.
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
Agreement between Russia and Germany at the foreset of WWII to not attack each other but rather to share Poland by reclaiming their holds.
"cash and carry"
Policy of America tword the allies that they could buy american equipment but whould have to do so in cash and use their own ships to own.
America First Committee
Group of Isolationists who were against helping Britain and wanted to protect American Shores first.
Lend-Lease Act
Act which made it acceptable for Britain to buy arms by saing that they will reaturn the equipment at war’s end.
Atlantic Charter
Agreement between Churchill and FDR that are remarkably similar to the 14 points of Wilson whichb included self determination for each community/area.
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
International economic chaos occurred and continued, the economy continued to flounder.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
America could no longer look over the Philippines as they were competing with American sugar and were too expensive to hold.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
Depression had humbled americans, who sought to be on good terms with their neighbors, besides, they had no money for war.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4. Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
They were a very good idea, and did for the world what the London Conference could have done but didn’t, These agreements lowered international tariffs and promoted free trade.
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
5. What were the reasons for American isolationism?
America was unwilling sacrifice its people for war and though their seas provided them with sufficient defense.
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
6. How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
They caused certain restrictions to automatically go into place once a president decides upon an issue.
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
7. How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
It was the practice taken for the big battle, Franco’s rise to power allowed the Axis powers to test their arms.
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, and Appeasement
8. What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
Remilitarization, and a whole lot of it occurred, both with Japan and Germany was their military built up while America did nothing.
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
9. How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
America wanted to help but would only provide resources on a cash and carry basis.
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
10. What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
Following the fall of France, America noted the seriousness of the situation and begins to militarize to a massive extent.
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
11. Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
America was also partially anti semetic, and was unwilling to make rooms for more refugees than it had already decided to allow in, after the war starts, nobody could get in in the first place.
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
12. Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
Interventionists said give weapons to Britain, Isolationists said start-protecting America.
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
13. Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
Wilke was easily overwhelmed by FDR due to one quote, don’t switch horses in the middle of the river.
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
14. What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
It’s a direct violation of the neutrality acts by selling arms and makes the excuse that the arms will be returned at war’s end.
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
15. What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
America rejoiced and was planning to supply whichever side that was loosing so that they could go at each other.
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
American lend lease was practically giving GB resources and that’s how it was seen by Hitler who now allowed his U-Boats free range.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
17. Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
Gradual, America shifed in from being a neutral isolationist to being an active interventionist country. Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
leader Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who was trying to eliminate racism In the workplace in america
George S. Patton
The leader of american forces in europe
Albert Einstein
genius physicist of Jewish Origin admitted to United States
Office of Price Administration
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fair Employment Practice Commission
created by FDR to do exactly what A Philip Randolf envisioned.
D-Day
Day of American and British combined invasion of Normandy
V-E Day
May 7 1945 Victory in Europe Day
Manhattan Project
succewsful project to create the atomic bomb
Braceros
Mexican workers brought from mexico to help americans harvest their fruits and vegetables.
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
America had to juggle a war on two fronts, both Germany and Japan, .
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Not so well, Korematsu vs Us legalized the practice of sending Japanese americans to interment camps in case of betrayal.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
The war called for more food and more labor both of which assisted the growth of American economy.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
Japanese immigrants were able to be successful because of their close affiliations with their government which caused them to be thrown into interment camps.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Women could work as factory workers or play roles in the military.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
FEPC monitored to make sure no racism in workplace, CORE congress of racial equality, NAACP membership shot up and Zoot Suit Riots of Mexicans in Los Angeles.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
American participation drastically stimulated American economy but at the same time also American debt.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
Guam, Wake, Phillipines where Bataan held out for a long time before surrender of Douglas MacArtthur.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
If it was lost, then japan could take its time attacking pearl harbor.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
Leap Hopping, the concept of going around strong bases and defeating them with air raids.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
Enigma German coding was broken by British and German Submarines could now be found, Erwin Rommel was stopped before arriving at Suez Canal due to victory of Bernard Montgomery at El Alamein and Russians begin their slow recovery of Russia.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The invasion of North Africa was agreed upon by America and England, after meeting at Casablanca between the big two, general Eisenhower successfully takes it after which the allies begin to go after Italy from the south.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
Germany begins an exponential rate of decline following D day commanded by Eisenhower, Patton served as a general as well helping to secure Normandy.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
In a morbid sense, they knew that FDR was not likely to last that much longer,
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
Dewey’s mudslinging was unsuccessful, Roosevelt was a winner and the nation wanted him, Dewey was too young.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
Hitler makes one last offensive the battle of the bulge, Bastogne was critical and Brigaadier General AC MacAuliffe said nuts to surrender. Eissenhour took Elbe River brought him close to Berlin.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
Bombing and submarines tore apart Japan, Iwo Jima was taken an American Bober Pitstop, Okinawa was the same. Leyete Gulf was a critical attack.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
Japan was Postdam threat two bombs caused japan to surrender while asking that Hiroto the God Emperor of the japanese retain his title.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
Marshall was chief of staff, America did well as it was unprepared but finished the war in perfect condition
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
Could America had avoided the use of the Atomic Bomb against the Japanese, could America have allowed more Jews.